Which states are no-fault for car accidents?

Short answer: According to the Insurance Information Institute, 12 states and Puerto Rico require no-fault personal injury protection (PIP): Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania and Utah.

In a no-fault state, your own PIP coverage pays your medical bills and some lost wages no matter who caused the crash. You can step outside no-fault and sue the at-fault driver only if your injury meets a threshold:

  • Verbal threshold (a serious injury described in law, such as permanent injury or significant disfigurement): Florida, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.
  • Monetary threshold (medical costs above a set dollar amount): Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Dakota and Utah.
  • Choice no-fault: in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Kentucky drivers can reject the lawsuit limits and keep the right to sue.

All other states use fault-based (tort) rules, where the at-fault driver’s insurer pays. Compare rules in our car accident fault rules by state.

SourcesNo-fault backgroundTriple-ITort filings analysisTriple-I / CAS

Checked against primary sources on November 13, 2026 by Mason Arnao. This is general information, not legal advice. Related: What to do after a car accident.

Insurance and filing deadlines are short

Most states allow two or three years to file an injury lawsuit, and insurers and no-fault PIP require notice much sooner. Florida allows two years for negligence actions. Fla. Stat. 95.11

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Mason Arnao

About Mason Arnao

Mason David Arnao Mason David Arnao is an American entrepreneur, software engineer, and business executive based in Stuart, Florida. His career spans more than two decades in technology, automation, and lead generation systems. Arnao began his professional journey in the late 1990s as a computer technician for the National Basketball Association (NBA), where he was responsible for linking scoreboards, officials’ laptops, and stat monitors to broadcast networks. His technical precision and systems knowledge led him to join Professional Hospital Supply as a software engineer. There, he developed applications that improved data flow between medical suppliers and healthcare institutions, solidifying his foundation in enterprise-grade software development. By the early 2000's, Arnao advanced into web and SaaS infrastructure through Website Buddy LLC, a Florida-based development firm focused on building web tools for small businesses and online marketers. The experience refined his understanding of user-driven software and scalable online systems. In 2013, Arnao founded Waypoint Software, LLC, headquartered in Stuart, Florida. As President and Managing Partner, he built the company into a recognized provider of lead generation and real-time lead distribution technology. Waypoint’s software automates the acquisition, validation, and routing of consumer inquiries for marketing firms and data aggregators worldwide. The company serves hundreds of clients and is listed by the Better Business Bureau under “Sales Lead Generation.” Through Waypoint Software, Arnao has become a notable figure in the digital lead industry, combining technical engineering with automation strategy. His focus on system reliability, transparent data flow, and scalable integrations continues to position Waypoint as an industry leader in real-time lead management solutions.