Short answer: An MDL, or multidistrict litigation, is a federal procedure that sends similar lawsuits filed across the country to one judge for shared pretrial work such as discovery and expert rulings. It is set up by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation under 28 U.S.C. § 1407. On November 2, 2026, 204,987 actions were pending in 164 MDLs.
Each case stays an individual lawsuit. The statute allows transfer only for pretrial proceedings, and any case not resolved is to be sent back (remanded) to the court where it was filed for trial. In practice most product cases resolve in the MDL through rulings, bellwether trials or a settlement program.
- Examples now: talc MDL 2738 (69,376 pending), AFFF MDL 2873 (15,270), hair relaxer MDL 3060 (12,743), Depo-Provera MDL 3140 (6,413), GLP-1 MDL 3094 (4,082).
- Not a class action: no one represents you automatically; you file your own case.
- State courts often run parallel coordinated proceedings for the same products.
See how a mass tort differs from a class action, or start a free, confidential case review.


